撰寫摘要
摘要是構成論文的重要部份,必須簡潔清晰,讓讀者能在最短的時間內瞭解研究/發明的目的、方法、研究結果及結論。
摘要的範本可參考以下圖表:
參考自Master the Abstract Writing Process from John Cole, Intel ISEF D & S Chair
(http://www.societyforscience.org/document.doc?id=27)
例子一(只供參考,並非指定範本)
摘自Master the Abstract Writing Process from John Cole, Intel ISEF D & S Chair
(http://www.societyforscience.org/document.doc?id=27)
例子二(只供參考,並非指定範本)
摘要的範本可參考以下圖表:
研究題目 要求簡潔清晰,需要用恰當詞語反映研究的範圍和程度,如需進一步闡明論文內容,可於主題後另加副題; |
目的: 簡介研究動機,為何選擇該題目作研究; 假設 或 研究的問題; |
研究方法及過程的摘要,須要強調重點 / 主要步驟: 總括研究的重點 及 簡要說明研究是如何進行; 排除過程中使用物料,除非該物料對過程的影響重大或是研究的重點; 排除研究者以外如導師或前人所作的研究; |
簡要說明研究數據及結果 只包括引致結論的重要,不需要包括圖表; |
結論/ 應用 要求簡潔清晰,用恰當詞語說明研究的重要結果作結。 |
(http://www.societyforscience.org/document.doc?id=27)
例子一(只供參考,並非指定範本)
Effects of Marine Engine Exhaust Water on Algae Mary E. Jones Hometown High School, Hometown, PA This project in its present form is the result of bioassay experimentation on the effects of two-cycle marine engine exhaust water on certain green algae. The initial idea was to determine the toxicity of outboard engine lubricant. Some success with lubricants eventually led to the formulation of "synthetic" exhaust water which, in turn, led to the use of actual two-cycle engine exhaust water as the test substance. Toxicity was determined by means of the standard bottle or "batch" bioassay technique. Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ankistrodesmus sp. were used as the test organisms. Toxicity was measured in terms of a decrease in the maximum standing crop. The effective concentration - 50% (EC 50) for Scenedesmus quadricauda was found to be 3.75% exhaust water; for Ankistrodesmus sp. 3.1% exhaust water using the bottle technique. Anomalies in growth curves raised the suspicion that evaporation was affecting the results; therefore, a flow-through system was improvised utilizing the characteristics of a device called a Biomonitor. Use of the Biomonitor lessened the influence of evaporation, and the EC 50 was found to be 1.4% exhaust water using Ankistrodesmus sp. as the test organism. Mixed populations of various algae gave an EC 50 of 1.28% exhaust water. The contributions of this project are twofold. First, the toxicity of two-cycle marine engine exhaust was found to be considerably greater than reported in the literature (1.4% vs. 4.2%). Secondly, the benefits of a flow-through bioassay technique utilizing the Biomonitor was demonstrated. |
Purpose Methods Data/ Observations Conclusions/ Applications |
(http://www.societyforscience.org/document.doc?id=27)
例子二(只供參考,並非指定範本)
可捲曲光合微生物薄膜燃料電池 |
目的 方法 數據/ 觀察 總結/ 應用 |
摘自研究作品:可捲曲光合微生物薄膜燃料電池 潘駿生, 崔雍建, 黃耀德(中華基金中學)